78 kda glucose regulated protein  (Proteintech)

Journal: Food Science and Human Wellness

Article Title: Ochratoxin A induces mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting Sigma-1 receptor to disrupt redox and cholesterol homeostasis

doi: 10.26599/fshw.2024.9250372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. A conceptual model of OTA-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) to interfer with redox and cholesterol homeostasis. The symbols → and ┴ stand for direct/indirect activation and inhibition, respectively. The symbol ----› represents movement. Abbreviations: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4), B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (BAX), B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1 (BCL-XL), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), cyclophilin D (CypD), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER stress (ERS), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), GRAM domain-containing protein 1B (GRAMD1B), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), glutathione (GSH), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), mitochondrial GSH (mGSH), outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), oxidative stress (OS), ochratoxin A (OTA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein (SLC25A11), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial (StARD1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1).

Article Snippet: Antibodies specific for mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein (SLC25A11) (12253-1-AP), GRAM domain-containing protein 1B (GRAMD1B) (24905-1-AP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) (11587-1-AP), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial (StARD1) (12225-1-AP), B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1 (BCL-XL) (10783-1-AP), B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (BAX) (50599-2-Ig), long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4) (22401-1-AP), Sig-1R (15168-1-AP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) (28212-1-AP), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) (10325-1-AP), and α-tubulin (11224-1-AP) were obtained from Proteintech (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Inhibition, Binding Assay, Membrane

Journal: Food Science and Human Wellness

Article Title: Study on the Mechanism of Glutamine Promoting the Synthesis of Colonic Mucin and Maintaining the Stability of Intestinal Microbiota in Septic Mice

doi: 10.26599/fshw.2024.9250189

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Gln upregulates AGR2 expression, promotes MUC2 synthesis, and attenuates ER stress after sepsis. The expression levels of AGR2, mature-MUC2, MUC2-precursor, CHOP, and GRP78 in the distal colon tissues of sham, CLP, and CLP+Gln groups mice on day 1, 3, and 5 (A, B, C), as well as quantitative analysis (D, E, F). * Compared with Sham group, # Compared with CLP group, (n = 6). (G) Immunostaining of the distal colon sections for analyzing AGR2 and MUC2 on day 5, with red arrows denoting MUC2-precursor and white arrows denoting mature-MUC2. (H) Detection of AGR2, mature-MUC2, and MUC2-precursor expression levels in the AGR2 KO HT-29 CL.16E cell line. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The separated proteins were electroblotted from the gel onto the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, and blocked with 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) for 1 h. Primary antibodies, including AGR2 (Abcam, ab76473), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) (Abcam, ab11419), 78 kDa glucose-regulated Protein (GRP78) (Cell Signaling, #3177S), O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAC) (Abcam, ab2739), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Aksomics, KC-5G4), were incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunostaining